Data Availability StatementNot applicable. was 3.7?weeks [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3C5.1] in the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group and 2.2?months (95% CI, 1.8C2.6) in the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group [hazards ratio (HR) 0.69; 95% CI 0.48C0.99]. PFS rate at 16?weeks was 46.6% for the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group and 33.9% for the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group. Although a relatively higher incidence of grade??3 neutropenia was observed in the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group than that in the other group (50.0% vs. 40.9%, wild-type); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0 to 2; adequate organ function; concurrent treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab from January 2016 to March Chlorhexidine HCl 2018 or trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy from June 2014 to December 2015. Study procedures Trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab regimen consisted of trifluridine/tipiracil 35?mg/m2 of body surface area, given orally twice a day on days 1C5 and 8C12 in a 28-day?cycle, and bevacizumab 5?mg/kg of Chlorhexidine HCl bodyweight, administered by intravenous infusion every 2?weeks. Trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy consisted of trifluridine/tipiracil 35?mg/m2 of body surface area, given orally twice a day on days 1C5 and 8C12 in a 28-day?cycle. The following baseline characteristics had been collected for every patient: age group, gender, ECOG PS, major tumor location, background of major resection, amount of metastatic organs, period from first-line chemotherapy begin, period Acta2 from prior bevacizumab, chemotherapy agents prior, position (exons 2, 3, and 4 and exons 2, 3, and 4), V600E mutation position, and microsatellite instability (MSI) position, if available. Results Effectiveness endpoints included PFS, thought as period from research treatment initiation to disease death or progression because of any trigger; OS, thought as period from research treatment begin to death from any cause; overall response rate (ORR), defined as proportion of patients with a complete or partial response to study treatment; disease control rate (DCR), defined as proportion of patients with a complete or partial response plus stable disease lasting more than 6?weeks from study treatment start. Tumor response was assessed by investigators using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Adverse events were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03. Statistical analysis PFS and OS were compared between treatment groups using log-rank test with a two-sided significance level of status, time from first-line chemotherapy start, and time from prior bevacizumab. Multivariate Cox analysis was employed using forward stepwise regression. Enter and remove limits were status (wild-type vs. mutant), time from first-line chemotherapy start (18?months vs. ?1?month or no prior bevacizumab). ORR, DCR, and safety analyses between treatment groups were performed using Fishers exact test. Follow-up time was defined as time from study treatment start until the last follow-up date for censored cases. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY), and two-sided wild-type tumors, and no patient had MSI-high tumor. V600E mutation was detected in one patient (1.7%) in the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group and in four patients (6.1%) in the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group. Individuals with left-sided major tumors were dominant in both combined organizations and comprised 81.7% from the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group and 84.8% from the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group. Median period from research treatment begin to 1st computed tomography evaluation was 1.8?weeks in both combined organizations. Median follow-up was 7.1?weeks in the trifluridine/tipiracil in addition bevacizumab organizations and 7.2?weeks in the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group. After research treatment discontinuation, 41.7% of individuals in the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab groups and 48.5% of patients in the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group received subsequent antitumor therapy including regorafenib (31.7 vs. 39.4%), clinical trial therapy (6.7 vs. 4.5%), and cytotoxic chemotherapy (3.3 vs. 6.0%). Desk 1 Patient features statusWild-type2846.73045.5Mutant3253.33654.5statusWild-type5286.75278.8V600E mutant11.746.1Non-V600E mutant23.300Unknown58.31015.2MSI statusMSS5388.35177.3Unknown711.71522.7 Open up in another window Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance position, Chlorhexidine HCl epidermal growth factor receptor, microsatellite steady Effectiveness Patients in the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group got significantly longer PFS weighed against those in the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group (HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.48C0.99; log-rank statusWild-type580.870.50C1.490.1470.670.35C1.280.580Mutant680.520.31C0.870.790.44C1.41?Background of bevacizumabyes1180.750.51C1.090.470.700.45C1.090.88no80.500.09C2.673.300.29C37.7 Open up in another window confidence interval, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance position, hazard percentage, overall success, progression-free success Median OS was 8.6?weeks (95% CI 6.9C10.3?weeks).