Opioid use disorder impacts over 26 million individuals world-wide. untreated, with Fissinolide significant mortality and morbidity caused by opioid overdose [3]. Three medication remedies are Fissinolide recommended from the Globe Health Corporation [4] and so are US Meals and Medication Administration (FDA)-authorized for treatment of opioid make use of disorder: 1) the opioid receptor full-agonist methadone, 2) the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (1st approved in dental type for daily administration, and more as an extended-release regular monthly injection recently; brand: Vivitrol), and 3) the opioid receptor incomplete agonist buprenorphine, obtainable as sublingual or buccal movies or tablets, a pores and skin patch (indicated for discomfort administration), and extended-release parenteral formulations (shot or implant) [5]. When used as directed, these medicines work extremely, enabling a big proportion of individuals to accomplish either abstinence or a considerable decrease in opioid make use of, reducing the chance of overdose if an individual uses opioids also. However, a lot of people with opioid make use of disorder are not receiving medication treatment, a gap that urgently needs to be filled [6-7]. Of these available medications, buprenorphine is currently the most widely Fissinolide prescribed and has, arguably, the greatest potential for widespread dissemination due to its relative ease of use and safety. In what follows, we review the history, mechanism, evidence for effectiveness, and available formulations of buprenorphine. 2.?The Prototype of the Agonist Treatment Strategy Methadone was the first medication treatment for opioid use disorder, and the prototype of the agonist treatment strategy of which buprenorphine is another example. Methadone was first synthesized in Germany in the 1940s as a synthetic opioid analgesic and is still used for management of severe pain [8]. Methadone is potent, orally bioavailable with slow absorption (by the oral route), and has a long half-life (approximately 24 hours). Hallmarks of the agonist treatment strategy for LAG3 addiction treatment include slow absorption, which reduces the tendency to produce a rush or high, and slow elimination, which avoids the rapid emergence of withdrawal symptoms [9]. Methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder was first developed and shown to be effective by Dole, Nyswander, and Kreek in the 1960s [10-11]. They hypothesized that heroin addiction was a disease of the brain with behavioral manifestations and not simply a personality disorder or criminal behavior. Methadone was studied in order to find a medication to: 1) Prevent opiate withdrawal, 2) Reduce drug hunger or craving, and 3) Normalize physiologic functions. Methadone also had the added benefit of a narcotic blockade to prevent euphoria from additional opiate use [12]. When titrated to the effective dose range (80mg to 120mg per day), methadone produces a blockade of opioid effects, presumably by inducing tolerance [10]. When patients use heroin or other illicit opioids while maintained on adequately dosed methadone, they often report something to the effect: I felt nothing, realized I was wasting my money, so I stopped using. Tolerance also presumably underlies the effect of methadone to protect against opioid overdose. Much of the early methadone literature was focused on the public health concerns of criminality and unemployment that occur concomitantly with heroin addiction. Methadone was shown to both decrease criminal behavior [13], Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and other infectious-disease risk, while also promoting abstinence, and protecting against overdose [14-15]. Buprenorphine for opioid make use of disorder functions as a maintenance treatment with an extended duration of actions [16], using the added good thing about providing only incomplete mu-opioid receptor agonism along with high receptor affinity [17]. These neurophysiological properties make buprenorphine appealing like a long-term maintenance treatment.