Additionally, smokers with RA have been shown to have higher basal metabolic rates than nonsmokers [20,21,22]. the only clinical parameter exhibiting a significant relationship with REE quartiles (Q1 to Q4; 0.001); none of disease duration, functional status, or anti-CCP antibody titer in RA patients was significantly related to REE, based on analysis of covariance. Conclusions We found no association between REE and disease activity in RA patients, implying that energy metabolism in RA patients might be independent of RA-associated systemic inflammation. test for continuous variables. Correlations between REE and clinical/laboratory parameters were evaluated via Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis of data Eslicarbazepine from all patients, and RA patients in remission or not, were Rabbit Polyclonal to 14-3-3 theta used to evaluate associations between REE and clinical/laboratory variables. Covariates of the multivariate-adjusted model were chosen via stepwise selection. Thus, we adjusted for age, disease duration, BMI, patient-reported functional status, ESR, DAS28-ESR, and anti-CCP antibody titer, for each model, if appropriate. We categorized REE into quartiles: 1,029 kcal/day, Q1; 1,030 to 1 1,096 kcal/day, Q2; 1,097 to 1 1,168 kcal/day, Q3; and 1,169 kcal/day, Q4. To allow comparisons among the four RA groups (Q1 to Q4), we first applied a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine REE differences between the groups (remission RA group vs. controls; nonremission RA group vs. controls; remission RA group vs. the nonremission RA group; and the total RA group vs. controls). Statistical significance was considered present when the two-sided significance level was 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using the Eslicarbazepine IBM SPSS version 19.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of enrolled subjects Baseline characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. A total of 499 female patients with RA was consecutively enrolled. Mean age at study commencement and disease duration in RA patients were 54.7 years (SD, 10.8) and 7.2 years (SD, 6.7), respectively. Age-matched controls (n = 131) were also enrolled. Differences in BMI, ESR, and CRP levels between RA patients and controls were all significant ( 0.001 for all comparisons). REEs in RA and control subjects were estimated to be 1,101.0 kcal/day (SD, 114.3) and 1,105.9 kcal/day (SD, 91.0), respectively. These values did not significantly differ after adjustment for covariates including age, ESR, CRP level, and BMI (= 0.659). In addition, the REE of controls was similar to that of RA patients in remission or not; the differences were not significant upon ANCOVA analysis (= 0.906 and = 0.758, respectively) (Fig. 1). Open Eslicarbazepine in a separate window Figure 1 Comparison of resting energy expenditures (REEs) among enrolled study subjects. REEs in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remission (RA_remi) and nonremission (RA_nonremi) groups were similar to that of healthy controls ( 0.05 for both comparisons). values were calculated by analysis of covariance after adjustment for age, body mass index, erythrocyte sediment rate, and C-reactive protein level. Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls Open in a separate window Values are presented as mean SD. BMI, body mass index; REE, resting energy expenditure; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein. aThe values refer to comparisons between RA patients and controls using Student test for continuous variables. Differences.