Twenty\five healthy adults and 32 patients with AR were recruited at Tongji Hospital (Table?1). to COVID\19 vaccines in individuals with kidney transplantation, undertaking dialysis, or cancer, compared to healthy controls. 1 , 2 Allergic diseases, including AR, atopic dermatitis and asthma, are caused by the immune system hypersensitivity to innocuous environmental antigens and characterized by skewed type 2 immune responses. 3 Such chronic immunological disorders are highly prevalent and estimated to affect up to 50% of the world populace. 3 Allergic airway diseases have been revealed to have a potential protective role in COVID\19, possibly because of the reduction of SARS\CoV\2 receptor angiotensin\converting enzyme 2 in airway epithelial cells caused by type 2 cytokines and the abundant infiltration of eosinophils in airways. 4 However, there are no studies formally investigating whether allergic diseases modulate the humoral response following vaccination against SARS\CoV\2. In the present study, we compare immunological response after two\dose inactivated SARS\CoV\2 immunization between healthy subjects and patients with AR. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the potential impact of AR around the immune response after two\dose inactivated SARS\CoV\2 immunization (Physique?1A). The trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov (“type”:”clinical-trial”,”attrs”:”text”:”NCT05009134″,”term_id”:”NCT05009134″NCT05009134). Twenty\five healthy adults and 32 patients with AR were recruited at Tongji Hospital (Table?1). AR was diagnosed based on the concordance between common allergic symptoms and atopic status. Fanapanel 5 Atopic status was assessed by skin\prick testing (SPT) and/or allergen\specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. 6 AR patients had at least 1\12 months disease history and had never been infected with SARS\CoV\2. The exclusion criteria included (i) the presence of sinusitis, (ii) pregnancy or breastfeeding, (iii) with cardiovascular diseases, severe immunologic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic infections, diabetes, tumours, chronic kidney diseases or stroke, and (iv) use of intranasal steroid or antihistamines in the previous 1?week or oral steroids in the previous 3?months before this study. Healthy subjects had unfavorable SPT and specific IgE test and had no history of allergy. 6 All participants received two doses of inactivated SARS\CoV\2 vaccines (WIBP\CorV, Sinopharm, Wuhan) with 1?month apart. Peripheral blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 30 (before the second dose), 37 (7?days post the second dose) and 60 (30?days post the second dose) to analyze humoral immune responses to vaccination (Physique?1A). None was lost to follow\up. In addition, a complementary approach was adopted to further investigate the influence of AR around the antibody response to natural SARS\CoV\2 contamination in 78 patients recovered from COVID\19 (64 control subjects without AR and 14 AR patients), whose peripheral bloods were collected at 10C12?months post the infection. The Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital reviewed and approved this trial, and informed consent was provided by every participant. More information regarding subjects and methods is usually provided in Tables S1CS3. Open in a separate window Physique 1 Enhanced antibody responses in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) following inactivated SARS\CoV\2 vaccination. (A) Healthy subjects ((%)01 (3.1%)1.000Patients with atopic eczema, (%)01 (3.1%)1.000Sensitization pattern, (%)Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus030 (94.8%)Dermatophagoides farinae030 (94.8%)Cockroach02 (6.4%)Cat dander05 (15.6%)Doggie dander04 (12.5%)Artemisia01 (3.1%)Platanus01 (3.1%)Alternaria03 (9.4%)VAS symptom score0 (0, 0)5.0 (3.3, 7.0) .001 Open in a separate window em Note /em : For continuous variables, data are expressed as medians and interquartile ranges. Abbreviations: AR, allergic rhinitis; VAS, visual analogue scale. There was no apparent difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between healthy subjects and patients with AR (Table S1). Protective antibody responses to WIBP\CorV were assessed by the detection of neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor\binding domain name (RBD) of Fanapanel SARS\CoV\2 spike (S) 1 protein and IgG and IgM against the S and nucleocapsid proteins. The inactivated SARS\CoV\2 vaccine elicited strong serological responses, with gradual increase in neutralizing antibody, IgG and IgM following vaccination (Physique?1B). Although neutralizing antibody, IgG and IgM levels were low following the first immunization, the second injection boosted their titres by 35\, 161\ and 16\fold (mean) at day 60 relative to day 0 (baseline), respectively (Physique S1A). As Rabbit Polyclonal to Smad2 (phospho-Thr220) reported in COVID\19 Fanapanel vaccination or disease, 7 the degrees of neutralizing antibody highly correlated with IgG amounts (Shape S1B). Of a specific interest, serological reactions in AR individuals were more powerful than those in healthful controls, displaying higher degrees of neutralizing antibody at times 30, 37 and 60, Fanapanel and anit\SARS\CoV\2 IgG on times 37 and 60, and anit\SARS\CoV\2 IgM.